焦爐煤氣發電機組

Diagnosis of vibration faults

　　振動故障的診斷，要找出振動的特點和觀察有關現象，進行分析，判斷產生振動的原因和部位，決定相應的消除異常振動的方法。一般要作轉速試驗、負荷試驗、真空試驗，進行振動的頻譜分析。獲得機組振動的特性——振幅、頻率、相位的變化規律。

The diagnosis of vibration faults requires identifying the characteristics of the vibration and observing relevant phenomena, analyzing and determining the causes and locations of the vibration, and determining the corresponding methods to eliminate abnormal vibration. Generally, speed test, load test, vacuum test, and frequency spectrum analysis of vibration are required. Obtain the characteristics of unit vibration - the variation patterns of amplitude, frequency, and phase.

　　不平衡質量力激起的振動特點

Vibration characteristics induced by unbalanced mass forces

　　機械激振力引起強迫振動：轉子質量的不平衡、轉子撓曲、轉子連接和對中心的缺陷；動靜部分摩擦；鉚接圍帶脫落、葉片斷裂。

Mechanical excitation force causes forced vibration: imbalance of rotor mass, rotor deflection, rotor connection, and defects in center; Friction between the moving and stationary parts; The riveting strap falls off and the blade breaks.

　　轉子質量不平衡

Unbalanced rotor mass

　　振幅與轉速的平方成正比；通過臨界轉速時振動明顯加劇；最大振幅相位隨轉速變化而變化。通過臨界轉速時振幅明顯加大；每一次的相位相對固定，通過臨界轉速前后相位變化換向。

The amplitude is proportional to the square of the rotational speed; The vibration intensifies significantly when passing through the critical speed; The maximum amplitude phase varies with the speed. The amplitude significantly increases when passing through the critical speed; The phase is relatively fixed each time, and the phase changes before and after the critical speed are reversed.

　　轉子彎曲

Bending of rotor

　　造成質量偏心,其振動特點與質量不平衡相似,但振幅與彎曲的繞度大小有關,轉子晃度變化（增大）；臨界轉速下振幅的相位與晃度的相位有關。若發生摩擦時,振動波形中有高次諧波。

Causing mass eccentricity, its vibration characteristics are similar to mass imbalance, but the amplitude is related to the magnitude of bending, and the rotor oscillation changes (increases); The phase of amplitude at critical speed is related to the phase of oscillation. If friction occurs, there are higher-order harmonics in the vibration waveform.

　　轉子對中不良

Poor alignment of the rotor

　　轉子找中心是保證運行時，其中心線是一條連續光滑的自然垂弧。對中不良是指“兩聯軸節中心錯位或其端面張口不合適”。對于通過止口連接的聯軸節，只要止口同心，可以保證中心不錯位，但要考慮其兩側軸承座在運行中標高變化是否一致。其端面張口是在端面垂直于中心線的前提下，考慮運行中軸承座標高的變化。

The centering of the rotor ensures that during operation, the centerline is a continuous and smooth natural vertical arc. Poor alignment refers to the misalignment of the centers of the two coupling joints or improper opening of their end faces. For the coupling connected through a stop, as long as the stop is concentric, it can ensure that the center is not misaligned, but it is necessary to consider whether the elevation changes of the bearing seats on both sides are consistent during operation. The opening of its end face is based on the premise that the end face is perpendicular to the centerline, taking into account the changes in the elevation of the bearing seat during operation.

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